This Help will allow you to find information on all of the functions of Modeler Professional. It is set-up with the topics based on the menus, with the menus being the main topics, and each menu item being a sub-topic.
To use Modeler Help:
◊ Pick Help… from the Apple Menu. (Alright, so you've done that already.)
◊ Click on the menu name of the topic you are interested in.
◊ At this point the right-side window will display information about that topic.
◊ Click on the parent indicator of the sub-topic on which you need info.
◊ Repeat steps 2 thru 4 until you get to the topic you want.
To use the Topic window:
◊ Click on a closed topic to open the next level.
◊ Click on an open topic to close it and all of the subtopics opened under it.
To move sequentially through topics:
◊ Click on the upper right of the Page Flip icon to move forward through the topics.
◊ Click on the lower right of the Page Flip icon to move backwards through the topics.
To FIND topics:
◊ Type the name of the topic you wish to find in the TextEdit.
◊ Click the FIND button.
To FIND the next instance of that topic:
◊ Click on the NEXT button.
`View Windows
There are four windows that appear in Modeler. These include the Orthographic Windows (Top, Front, Right), and the 3D Window which can be set to any view, including Perspective.
``Orthographic Window Controls
The Top, Front, and Right drawing windows are where you will do most of your model creation. All actions involving the graphic placement of geometry take place here. Each window shows the model from a different 90° viewpoint. All orthographic views are displayed without perspective, so there is no distortion of the displayed geometry of your model. However, this also means that when placing an object in one window, its depth must be defined in another window.
The features specific to Modeler appear in the lower left corner of each view. The window controls include:
Fit to Window - Clicking on this sizes the entire extent of your model to fit within the window. This does not affect the dimensions of your model, only the scale factor of a given window.
Zoom In Icon - Clicking or holding on this icon moves your viewer position closer to the model, thus enlarging the model in the window view.
Zoom Out Icon - Clicking or holding on this icon moves your viewer position away from the model, thus showing more of the model in the window.
Scale PopUp Menu - Clicking and holding on this pop-up menu allows you to save and retrieve different scale factors, which can be taken from other drawing windows or views previously saved. This function may be used to quickly switch between close-up views and overviews without losing the view being worked on.
``3D Window Controls
The 3D window is a multi-purpose tool for editing, analysis, and animation. It can be used for dynamically rotating objects, saving and recalling multiple views and scales, and displaying perspective. Original object creation does not occur in the 3D window, but editing and manipulation can be accomplished.
3D Scroll Bars - allows the drawing universe to be rotated. The left hand scroll bar is for rotating around the Z axis; the right hand scroll bar for X axis rotations; and the bottom scroll bar for rotating around the Y axis.
Fit to Window Icon - this item, on the left, resizes the image so that all of the currently displayable objects are within the view.
Zoom In Icon - this icon brings the objects in the view window closer, to see more detail.
Zoom Out Icon - this icon pulls away from the objects in the view, showing more of them, but less detail.
Scale PopUp Menu - this menu allows you to save and retrieve view scales which are convenient.
Title PopUp Menu - This title is that of the currently selected view. Clicking on it shows the six regular orthogonal views, and orthogonal view selection, a Perspective check item, and a Saved Views selection and any saved views.
Perspective - will take the current view of your drawing and apply the mathematical perspective calculation, where Z goes to infinity, X and Y goes to the middle of the window.
Save View… - will bring up a dialog asking for the name which you would like to save the current view as. The information saved is: the view angle, scale, and whether perspective is turned on.
``Guides
Modeler provides several differect types of guides. These guides allow objects to be placed accuratly in the drawing universe.
◊ X,Y,Z Guide Icon
Select this guide to place a horizontal and vertical guide in the three orthogonal windows. All tools will snap to this guide.
◊ Marker Icon
Select this type of guide to place a crosshair on the drawing area that will be referred to by various dialog boxes as a Marker. It is used when you need to set a point of reference, such as a center of rotation for a polar duplication. If one was previously placed and it is currently out of the viewing area, placing a new Marker will replace the previous one and negate it. If no marker has been placed, and you select the Marker option in a dialog box, such as Polar Duplicate, a marker value will default to (0, 0, 0).
◊ Zero Guide Icon
Select this type of guide to set the point on the drawing area which represents the center (0, 0, 0) of the drawing universe. All subsequent references to coordinate space will refer to this guide position.
◊ Spin Guide Icon
Select this guide to define a center of rotation for the Spin Design command under the Windows Menu. If no Spin Guide is specified, then the Zero Guide (0, 0, 0 default) is used as the center of rotation for Spin Design.
◊ Perspective Guide
Select this to place a viewer position for the Spin Design command under the Windows Menu. The distance between this Perspective Guide and the Spin Guide will determine the amount of perspective used in the 3D window display.
`Apple Menu
The Apple menu gives you access to the About dialog, Modeler Help, and desk accessories.
``About Modeler…
Displays information about the version and creators of Modeler.
`` Help…
You're Here! Please see 'About Help' for more information.
`` Desk Accessories
Modeler Professional allows for normal access to all Desk Accessories.
`File Menu
The File Menu, as in most Macintosh applications, uses New, Open and Close for creating new designs and opening or closing existing ones. Once created, you will be able to Save them to diskette or hard disk, or Save as... another filename in order to track revisions. You can Get Information pertaining to a design. Output commands allow you to Print, select formatting, and specify number of copies desired. And when the work is finished, you can choose to Quit.
``New
The New Command clears and closes the current database and resets the program to its default values. The work area is also reset and the Windows are re-initialized to the default settings. This command presents you with an untitled database, as though you were just starting the program. If this command is selected while another design file is open, you will be prompted to save that design before starting a new one.
``Open…
Open allows you to choose a file which was previously created. Upon opening the file, Modeler repositions windows to where they were the when the file was closed.
This command opens an existing Modeler file. Choosing Open presents you with the standard Apple Open Dialog Box.
The File Type PopUp Menu is used for setting the file type in order to open files created with other programs.
The Config… button displays a dialog for setting the file conversion options. These will vary depending on the selected format.
``Close
Closing the design currently on-screen allows others to be opened or new ones to be started. If you attempt to Close a design that has not been saved since making changes, you will be prompted to do so. If the same file is opened as a library, close the library before closing the design.
``Save
This command saves the current file to the location from where it was loaded, updating the original file. If this is the first Save of a new design, you will be presented with a dialog box identical to the one shown under Save As...
``Save As…
To save without overwriting the original file, choose Save As... and specify a different file name. If you designate a name that already exists on the disk, Modeler will present a choice to either overwrite the old file or select a different name for the new one. The Save As… command is also used when the current file must be saved to a different folder or disk. Use the Drive button to switch to a different disk and the Location PopUp menu to return from nested folders.
``Revert to Saved
Sets the status of the current documents back to the way it was at the last Save. This is useful when serious design errors occur that cannot be undone.
``Get File Info…
This command provides file and data attribute information on the current file. The name of the file is displayed at the top of the dialog box. Until it is saved with a more meaningful name, its default is untitled. The date and time when the file was first created and last modified along with the total project time spent on the design are also displayed. This history is useful when comparing different versions of the same file and examining total production time. Lastly, the size of the file in bytes, and the percentage of available memory used is displayed to give more technical information.
``Page Setup…
This is the standard Macintosh Page Setup command and is used to set the page characteristics for your printouts. The dialog which is displayed varies depending upon the type of printer being used. The options for the ImageWriter® includes page orientation, page sizes, and reduction. The Apple LaserWriter® page setup also includes enlargement, font substitution, smoothing and fast bitmap printing. Please refer to your printer manual for additional information.
``Print…
This command prints selected views and information on the active printer or to a file on disk. The windows to be printed can be tiled on one page or printed on separate pages. The Page Preview will display the page layout. There are two options when printing one page per object window:
Enlarge Window to Paper - enlarges the window printed on that page so that it fills the entire page.
Use Window Scale & Centering - This option prints the desired window(s) at the scale and position shown on-screen. A line measuring 3 inches on screen will measure 3 inches on paper.
``Transfer To…
The Transfer To command transfers control between the different Presenter Professional modules. From Modeler, you may transfer to Presenter or Projector with the open database.
``Quit
This command exits Modeler and returns you to the Macintosh desktop. If you attempt to Quit a design without saving changes, you will be prompted to do so.
`Edit
The Edit Menu contains commands for screen data manipulation. This menu allows you to use the Macintosh's desktop environment to .Cut, Copy, and Paste selections of your model. There are also commands for duplicating and editing the shape and orientation of your selections.
Modeler uses its own clipboard for moving 3D data and does not support the Macintosh clipboard. This means that Modeler's information cannot be pasted into other programs.
``Undo
The Undo command negates the most recent operation performed on a group or groups. This is especially useful for correcting erroneous additions to (or removals from) the Work Group. When selected, the Undo command changes to a Redo command which can be used to cancel the Undo.
``Cut
The Cut command removes the current selection (collection of groups, elements and/or surfaces) from a design and places it in a temporary Modeler clipboard (not to be confused with the standard Macintosh Clipboard). All attributes pertaining to that group are removed from the current database. Cutting a folder removes all elements contained in it.
If a folder or element is Cut unintentionally, you can return it with the Undo or Paste command. Each time the Cut command is used, the cut selection replaces anything previously in the Dimensions clipboard.
``Copy
The Copy command works like Cut, but does not remove the group from the current design. A copy is placed in the Dimensions clipboard for later placement in the same or different design. The copied data replaces anything previously in the Modeler clipboard. Duplication of the current selection can save valuable time in designs requiring repetition.
``Paste
The Paste command places the last Cut or Copied selection into a model. The data remains in the Dimensions clipboard and can be pasted as many times as needed. The Group window does not need to be visible in order to Paste a group. Pasting a group overlays the original in the drawing windows. (Use the Group Pointer Tool to select and move the groups so that they no longer lie on top of each other.)
``Clear
Clear works like the Cut command but does not save the cut elements in the temporary Dimensions clipboard. Instead, Clear removes data permanently from a model. If a group is cleared unintentionally, it can only be returned by Undoing the Clear. It is suggested that you always use Cut rather than Clear to delete groups.
``Select All
The Select All command selects all the elements of the model. Any operations which you perform will effect all elements of the model. The keyboard equivalent is Command-A.
``Clone
Makes a copy of the selection and pastes it in the same place as the cloned selection.
``Duplicate…
This dialog is used for making multiple copies of a selection with a translation and a rotation for each copy.
```Linear Duplication
Linear Duplication is used to specify values for translation; the distance which selections are to be moved per copy, or the distance from the original that they should be distributed across. You may also set rotations when executing a Linear Duplication under Expert Mode.
```Polar Duplication
Polar Duplication is used to specify values for rotation; the amount (in degrees) the selections are to be rotated per copy, or the amount (in degrees) from the original that the copies should be distributed from. You may also set translations when executing a Polar Duplication under Expert Mode.
```Duplicate Options
There are a number of options which are identical to both Linear and Polar Duplication. These options effect the way the duplicate command operates.
Distribution
◊ Incremental - moves each copied group the distance in the Translate TextEdit Boxes.
◊ distributes copies between the selection's original position and the distance in the Translate TextEdit Boxes.
Duplicate 1st Item - makes a copy of the original object in the same position as the original in addition to the number of copies.
Make New Groups - places the duplicates into a new Group at the insertion point.
Translate - the distance which selections are to be moved per copy, or the distance from the original that they should be distributed across.
Rotate - when using the Polar Duplicate command, the values in the Top (XZ), Front (XY), Side (YZ) TextEdits determine how far each successive copy will be spun on a Duplicate.
Rotate Copies - when this option is checked, each copy will rotate on its center point so that its Top, Front, or Side faces toward the Center of Rotation.
Center of Rotation (CoR) - This pop-up menu has several commonly used points that can be used as a Center of Rotation.
◊ X, Y, Z - edits so that an arbitrary point in space can be set for the CoR, and reflects the point which the menu refers to.
Default Values - sets all values back to the original values.
``Reshape
The Reshape command makes the individual points of the selection editable. Some tools have Reshape Tool Info Bars and/or Menus. These items allow for an added degree of control when editing the object.
The following options are available in the Temporary Reshape Menu for splines:
◊ Undo Last Move - Cancels the last reshape step. It is the same as Undo.
◊ Smooth Edge/Spline - Allows the edge of a surface or a spline to be set as smooth. This provides control points for modifying spline or edge curvature.
◊ Straight Edge/Spline - sets the edge of a surface or a spline to straight. This provides no internal control points.
◊ Smooth Vertices - Sets selected vertices to smooth, allowing the curvature of one spline to affect the other.
◊ Hinged Vertices - Sets the selected vertices to hinged so that the curvature of one spline does not affect the other.
◊ Insert Vertices - Inserts a new vertex at the midpoint of the spline or Spine Mesh segment selected.
◊ Remove Vertices - Removes the selected vertex from the spline or Spline Mesh. Surrounding splines will connect to retain smoothness.
``Flip Vertical
The Flip Vertical command reflects a selection 180° on its horizontal axis in the selected window. This option does not rotate the selection, but mirrors it.
``Flip Horizontal
The Flip Horizontal command reflects a selection 180° on its vertical axis in the selected window. This option does not rotate a selection, but mirrors it.
`Windows Menu
This menu controls display of all the windows and palettes Modeler uses. Spin sequences can be defined and executed and PICT images displayed from the Windows Menu.
``Orthographic Windows
The orthographic windows are the main working windows. Each view is fixed to be spun 90° from each other, thereby giving you a view of all of the 3 dimensions of the universe. There is no perspective distortion in the orthogonal views. Changes in any window are reflected in all others.
Top - shows the top view of the model.
Front - shows the front view of the model.
Right - shows the right view of the model.
3D View - used for viewing the model from any angle, with or without perspective distortion. The default window shows the model from 30° to the left and 30° above a Front View.
``Palettes
This pop-up menu is used for activating and deactivating Modeler's palettes. The individual palettes are:
◊ Status Bar
◊ Tool Palette
◊ Tool Info Bar
◊ Group Info
◊ Color Palette
```Status Bar
Displays information on the position of the cursor, whether or not the grids are on, and the fineness of the display.
X,Y,Z TextEdits - always reflect the position of the cursor in the drawing universe relative to the 0,0,0 point.
Visible & Locking Grid CheckBoxes - let you turn the visible and locking grids on and off without going to the Preferences dialog.
Spline Segments PopUp - this menu allows you to set the fineness of the splines that Modeler is displaying. A smaller number denotes a coarser line, but a faster display speed, and vice versa, a larger number denotes a finer line and slower display.
Surface Facets PopUp - As with the Spline Segments PopUp menu the fineness of the display is affected, but with this menu you control the number of display splines between each of the real splines which describe the object. A display spline cannot be selected, for it is only a representation of the part of the surface it covers. A higher surface facets number displays more lines between each of a surfaces actual edges.
```Tool Palette
This window provides access to all of the tools in Modeler which use a cursor as the primary method of input. Similar tools are grouped together as pop-ups. The groups of tools are:
◊ Element Tools
◊ Group Tools
◊ View Tools
◊ Drawing Tools
◊ Flat Surface Tool
◊ 2D Tools (primitives)
◊ 3D Tools (primitives)
```Tool Info Bar
Displays information and controls which ease the construction of a scene. The contents of the palette are different for each tool of the Tool Palette, and certain tools from the Tool Menu. The contents of this window are explained with each tool to which they correspond.
In the Tool Info Bar:
◊ A CheckBox locks a variable so that it cannot be changed by the cursor in the drawing windows.
◊ The TextEdits reflect the status of the cursor in the drawing window unless there is a CheckBox locking them to a value. They may, however, be edited at any time.
```Group Info Palette
The Group Info Palette is used for viewing and placing objects in a hierarchical order. Objects are grouped in hierarchical order to ease the building of a scene by giving control over what can be moved together and how. This makes animation in Presenter easier because related moving parts have already been grouped together and makes global changes easier to do because a change at one level is implemented at all lower levels.
The group structure works such that any object or set of objects is a Group. Copying and Pasting a Group does not change its coordinates in the universe, it only changes its place in the hierarchy. Then, when alterations are made to that group they are made to all the groups and objects below it in the hierarchy.
The Group Info Palette shows the hierarchy as a list with each successive level indented further than the previous level.
Insert Column - The "I" Column has two controls, the Insertion Pointer and the Work Group Selector. The Insertion Pointer control facilitates the placement of objects in the hierarchy, and the Work Group Selector indicates which group is currently receiving elements.
Insertion Pointer - the hollow, right pointing arrow in the I Column, which indicates where the next group will be inserted. An insertion can either be a new Folder or Object being created via the New Folder or New Object command from the Group Menu, or a Folder or Object which is Pasted from the Edit Menu.
Work Group Selector - the solid rectangle in the "I" Column indicates which item will receive the next set of elements drawn or grouped. Only one group can be selected as the Work Group.
Display - The "D" Column makes Groups invisible so that it is easier to see what is being worked on. The visible column displays its information based on the hierarchy of the window, so if a folder is turned off, then all of its objects will be turned off, too. There are four levels of display: Extents, Edges, and Invisible.
Lock Column - The "L" Column is a toggle switch which makes groups unchangeable. A visible object can then be used as a guide to build new things, but cannot itself be edited.
Name Column - The Name Column displays whether a group is a folder or an object, and whether the folder is open or closed, its depth in the hierarchy, and the objects name.
Object/Folder Indicator - the white rectangle on the left-most side of the Name Column shows whether an item is an Object or Folder and, if it is a Folder, whether the hierarchy under is open. If a Folder is open then those blocks below it, until the depth indicator shows a higher level of the hierarchy, are its objects. The indicator's states are: Object, Open Folder, and Closed Folder.
````Color Palette
The Color Palette is your resource for coloring the model. It displays up to 128 colors at a time. It is connected to the Color Picker, which allows the colors of the Color Palette to be changed. You are provided with two color models, RGB and HSL. Using the RGB model, you change the amount of Red, Green, and Blue. Using the HSL color model, you change colors by selecting different values of Hue, Saturation, and Luminescence. The current color can be selected either from the Color Palette or the Color Selector Tool on the Tool Palette.
``Spin Design
This command displays the design from various angles in the 3D View window. Using the 3D View window, the Spin command takes the Spin Guide, defined in the Windows Menu chapter, as the center of rotation and uses the preferences set in Spin Preferences to rotate the design so that you can get a good look at it. Clicking anywhere will stop this function.
``Spin Preferences
This dialog provides control over the actions of the Spin Design command. In this dialog you can define the perspective, angle and rotations of the spin, and select whether the program will output the spin to a file.
Controls:
◊ Perspective - shows the view using three-dimensional perspective distortion when drawing the universe.
◊ Make PICS File - saves the spin animation; it will prompt you for the name of the animation file.
◊ Use 3D Window for Start Angle - instead of starting the animation from the angles set in Start Spin Angle, the program will use the 3D View's angle.
◊ X,Y,Z TextEdits - If the Use 3D Window for Start Angle is not selected then the program will use the Start Spin Angle values.
◊ Spin Motion Control - These controls define the model's movement. You may set up to 3 different movement patterns.
◊ 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Cycle - a cycle is finished when it has completed its number of moves and the program starts the next selected cycle. When the final cycle is finished the program will restart the first selected cycle.
◊ # of Moves - determines the number of times the universe will spin the angles specified in the TextEdits for that cycle.
◊ Top, Front, Side TextEdits - determines the angle the universe will spin with each move.
``Clean-Up Windows
The Clean-Up Windows Command arranges the windows and palettes to fit on the screen with a minimum of overlap.
``Display PICT...
The Display PICT command allows you to look at completed renderings of files in PICT format for reference to your current file.
PICT to Database - used for putting a PICT file into the database as a drawing element. It can then be moved, scaled, and grouped as any other drawing element, and also used as a tracing template. The PICT image may only be placed in the Front View.
`Options Menu
The Options Menu allows you to select special program features and the type of design information to be displayed in the windows. This includes ruler, guide, screen and drawing information.
``Redisplay Now
Redisplay Now redraws the drawing windows when selected. Use the Command-D combination to immediately redraw the screen.
``Show/Hide Guide-Ruler Bars
The Show/Hide Guide-Ruler Bars command makes the guide or ruler bar visible or not invisible. This makes it possible to either have more space on the screen, or the use of the measurement tools.
``Show Guide/Ruler Values
This command switches between displaying the distance between guides and displaying ruler values.
``Display Guides
When Display Guides is checked, it makes the guides visible on the drawing area. When guides are not displayed, normal horizontal and vertical guides cannot be pulled out, snapped to, or locked. The Zero Guide, Spin Guide, and Marker are still available and able to be
moved.
``Snap to Guides
When Snap to Guides is checked, drawing tools will jump to guides when they are within a 5 pixel distance.
``Lock Guides
When Lock Guides is checked, no guides may be moved after placement until Lock Guides is unchecked.
``Set Background Color…
Set Background Color brings up the Color Picker Dialog in which the color selected becomes the background color of the drawing windows.
``Screen Options…
The Screen Options Dialog is a set of options controlling the look of the drawing area.
1, 3, & 5 Pixels radio buttons - these let you choose the size of your vertices based on the number of pixels. Only the five pixel vertices allow you to see whether a vertex is a smooth or straight spline.
Show Axis - displays a graphic in the lower left side of the drawing windows showing the orientation of the windows. The option is on by default.
Show Zero Lines - displays zero axes in all the view windows. The option is on by default.
Display Guides Options - The Display Guides Options let you change the color of the horizontal and vertical guides which are dragged from the rulers.
◊ Black or White Only - when selected this option causes guides to be black dashed lines on light backgrounds (>%50 Luminescence) and white on dark backgrounds (<%50 Luminescence).
◊ Contrast of Background - this causes the guides to appear in a color that contrasts with the background. (To see what a contrasting color is, look at the Standard Macintosh Color Picker, pick a color, and the contrasting color is the one which is 180° opposite to it.)
◊ Specific - sets guides to the color shown in the box next to the Edit Guide Color button.
◊ Edit Guide Color… button - lets you choose the guides color through the Standard Macintosh Color Picker.
``Drawing Options…
The Drawing Options Dialog Box provides you with an ability to change the grid, cursor and scale display of the drawing windows.
Grid Options - These define grid spacing, visibility, and locking.
◊ Visible Grid check box - will display a grid, with the spacing determined by the TextEdits, which will not affect the drawing tools and is only visible for guidance.
◊ Locking Grid check box -places an invisible constraining grid over the drawing surface to which all cursor controlled actions, except for the Locking Cursor, will snap.
◊ Y and Z Linked check boxes - when these are checked, the program will use the values of the X axis TextEdits to determine the spacing for the Y and Z axes. When these are unchecked, the number which is in the axes corresponding check box will determine the spacing of the grid.
Cursor Types radio buttons - The cursor usually used for the drawing tools in the drawing windows is selectable using this option.
◊ Arrow
◊ Crosshair
◊ Bullseye
◊ Window Crosshair
◊ Multi-Window Crosshair
Scale Options - The Scale options provide the ability to set the data accuracy and units used.
◊ Decimal Places PopUp Menu - lets you vary the data accuracy by factors of 10: 1.0, 1.00, to 1.00000000.
◊ Units PopUp Menu - lets you design your drawing in the units which are most appropriate for the model you are constructing.
Startup Defaults Button - makes these options the default for New documents.
``Preferences…
Beep After Long Functions - has the program beep once after finishing any function which takes over 3 seconds for the program to accomplish.
Tuck Windows in MultiFinder - tucks the drawing windows in 64 pixels from the right side of the window so that you have easy access to the desktop in MultiFinder.
Show Elements Being Altered - lets you choose between speed of display and ease of viewing objects when altering objects by showing the elements being altered as either an extent box, slow display, or as each element.
Drag Gray Selection - draws the elements being dragged in gray. Normally, dragged elements are shown in black.
Auto-Update Libraries - Library objects will use newer information, if available.
Auto-Surface to Source Group - put new surfaces in group where splines came from instead of placing in current work group. This gives you control over where the surfaces are stored.
Color/Black & White Selection - allows you to liven up your screen by colorizing the tool palette.
Surfacing Operations - These provide the options for assigning splines and surfaces to specific groups.
◊ New Objects - when the program Lathes, Loafs, Extrudes, or Sweeps an object, it must make new splines and surfaces. If you would like the program to take care of putting these new elements in separate groups you can choose either the New Name or Suffix check box. The program will then put all new elements generated by these commands into new groups with new names.
◊ Ask User - this selection will bring up a dialog each time the program is ready to do a surfacing operation which will ask you for the names of the new objects.
◊ New Name - uses the names set in the TextEdits when adding new objects to the database for surfacing operations. The defaults are: "Splines" for new splines, and "Surfaces" for new surfaces.
◊ Suffix - makes the name of the new objects the name of the current work group plus the suffix set in the TextEdit when adding a new group for a surfacing operation. The defaults are: ".spln" for splines, and ".surf" for surfaces.
◊ Spline & Surface Name/Suffix TextEdits - the area in which you type your choice for the name or suffix of the new groups if it is not to be the defaults.
Save Current Setup - Saves the settings of the dialog, and the status and position of windows.
``Expert Mode
The Expert Mode Menu item lets you toggle between Novice and Expert screen command setups. The Novice Mode provides you with a simpler screen and command setup. The Expert Mode is set when a check mark is visible. This mode sets the program so that it starts up with the Status Bar, Tool Status Bar, Group Palette, and Color Palette visible.
`Groups Menu
The Group Menu provides control over how elements are grouped. Additionally, you can add costs, define the group rotation point, and change any color within the group. A Group is either an Object or a Folder. Local libraries have the combined properties of Object groups and library groups.
``Add Folder…
The Add Folder command inserts a new Folder at the Insertion Pointer of the Group Info Palette. A Folder is a structure which can hold other Folders and Objects. Selecting the Add Folder command does not change the work group.
``Add Object…
The Add Object command inserts a new object at the Insertion Pointer of the Group Info Palette. An object is a structure which has no entities below it in the hierarchy; it just holds drawing elements. The Add Object command advances the Insertion Pointer so the next new object or folder will be placed in order as they are added. The added object becomes the new work group.
``Get Object Info…
This dialog lets you edit some parameters about objects which cannot be done visually.
Object/Group PopUp - is used for selecting which Objects and Folders are to be edited.
Object/Group TextEdit - is used for changing the name of the Object or Folder selected by the Object/Group PopUp Menu.
(II) Cost
The Cost section allows you to give objects a price, add a price to Library items, and see what the combined price of a Folder is. These controls change to reflect whether you are in an Object or a Folder.
(A) Object
When an Object is selected the program will display the objects current price and whatever any library items may contribute toward it.
(1) Objects TextEdit - in this TextEdit you may assign a cost to the object.
(2) Fixed $: - This field will tell you what costs have been set for any Library item which may be in this Object.
(B) Group
When a Folder is selected the fields will reflect the overall cost of the object and the cost of all objects below it in the hierarchy.
(1) Total TextEdit - the total represents the cost for all items below it added together.
(2) Group PopUp Menu - allows you to see and select items based on their cost so that you can see if any are contributing to the total incorrectly.
``Group
The Group command will take all selected elements and put them into the current work group. A simple group dialog will appear when this command is selected and there are no other groups selected. When there is a group or elements from a group selected then a dialog with more choices appears.
Group Dialog Items
(I) New Group Name
(II) To Current Work Group
(III) To Existing Group
`` UnGroup…
The UnGroup command takes the currently selected work group and disassembles it into drawing elements.
``Manipulate Data…
The Manipulate Data dialog allows you to throw away unwanted splines and surfaces, or to split them into separate Groups as needed.
(I) Purge RadioButton
Allows you to throw away, permanently, the splines or surfaces in the current Group.
(1) Splines - throws away the splines in the current Group.
(2) Surfaces - throws away the surfaces in the current Group.
(3) Primitives - throws away the primitives in the current Group.
(II) Split to Other Group RadioButton
These controls allow you to move either the splines or surfaces, of a group in which they are together, to new separate groups at the insertion point in the Group window.
(1) Spline, Surface, Primitive CheckBox - each button moves the named elements. If all are selected then the Group this operation is done on will be left empty.
(2) Splines, Surfaces, Primitives Name TextEdit - lets you name the new groups.
`Tools Menu
The Tools Menu has functions which allow you to manipulate the drawing elements, surface different items, and control the placement of elements, and objects.
◊ For any of the commands in the Tools menu to function at least one or more drawing elements must be selected.
``Extrude
The Extrude command allows you to take a selection of elements and give it depth along any angle.
◊ Extrude is a surfacing operation, and will build new splines and surfaces. See the "New Objects for Surfacing Operations" section of the Preferences dialog as to the distribution of the new elements.
(II) Extrude Line - The beginning, the end without a control point, represents the beginning depth. It is placed at the middle of the 3d space of the selected elements. The end, the part of the line with a control point on it, lets you drag the distance and angle of the extrude.
◊ To execute the Extrude either click on the Extrude button in the Tool Status Bar, or Double-Click.
``Path Extrude
The Path Extrude command allows you to take a selection of elements and have them extruded along a spline.
• Note - right now it only works if the the elements to be extruded are drawn in the Front window. Even at that its a little flaky.
To Use:
(1) Draw elements to be extruded in the Front window.
(2) Draw the spline that the elements are to be extruded along.
(3) Select the elements.
(4) Select the menu item Tools:Path Extrude
(5) Click on the spline.
(6) You're done.
Tool Info Bar Controls
(A) X,Y,Z Controls
Lets you view and set and lock the distance of extrusion in each direction.
(B) Angle
If the angle is more important then the distance of the extrusion then you can use the angle controls to set the extrusion.
(C) Delta (Δ)
Lets you set a delta, or specific distance, that the extrude is to be placed regardless of the axis it is to happen on.
◊ Using any two of the CheckBoxes will give the program all of the information it needs to set the extrude, so all you need do at that point is click the Extrude button.
(D) Extrude Button - once you have set the extrude to your specifications clicking on the Extrude button will set the program to performing the actual building of the splines and surfaces.
``Lathe
The Lathe command allows you to take a selection of elements and repeat their profile polarly around an axis.
◊ Lathe is a surfacing operation, and will build new splines and surfaces. See the "New Object for Surfacing Operations" section of the Preferences dialog as to the distribution of the new elements.
(I) Lathe Angle Line
The Lathe Angle Line allows you to have the selected elements Lathed at an angle to the drawing windows instead of just horizontally or vertically.
(A) Center Point - allows you to drag the center of rotation for the lathe to a different point
(B) End Points - swing on the Center Point allowing you to change the angle of the Lathe
(II) Lathe Rotation Circle
This tool allows you to graphically define where the center of rotation is and how much of 360° is to be Lathed.
(A) Center Crosshair - allows you to move the center of rotation
(B) Perimeter Points - allows you to define the arc of the lathe.
◊ To execute the Lathe either click on the Lathe button in the Tool Status Bar, or Double-Click.
Tool Status Bar Controls
(A) Rotation View: Top, Front, Side - tells the program in which view you would like the Lathe Rotation Circle to appear in, and thus around which axis the lathe is to happen.
(B) ° of Rotation - lets you set how many degrees (0-360) the elements are are to be lathed around the Center of Rotation.
(C) Angle - tells the program at what angle the rotation is to happen to the elements.
(D) Center of Rotation: X,Y, Z - determines the point around which the lathe will happen.
(E) Segments - The default is one segment per 90°, and this is the least you can set per 90°. However, if you need more segments per the total number of degrees for your Lathe, then you may set that parameter here.
(F) Lathe Button - once you have set the lathe to your specifications clicking on the Lathe button will set the program to performing the actual building of the splines and surfaces.
``Loaf
The Loaf command allows you to take a series of unconnected elements and have the program connect them with splines and surfaces.
Tool Status Bar Controls
(I) Loaf Segments
These commands determine the order in which the program will Loaf the elements.
(A) In Order Selected - lets you set the order that the program will set splines from one group to another.
(B) Side to Side/Up & Down - with this command the program will loaf the segments together by proceeding from one edge of the drawing universe to the other, and whatever elements are selected are loafed in the order they are found.
(II) Spline Tension
Determines whether the loaf will be built with smooth or straight splines. Points will be able to be changed individually after the function is finished.
(A) Straight - All points parallel to the loaf will be hinged forming straight splines.
(B) Smooth - All points parallel to the loaf will be smooth forming curved splines.
(III) Loaf Button - once you have set the loaf to your specifications clicking on the Loaf button will set the program to performing the actual building of the splines and surfaces.
``Sweep Surfaces…
The Sweep Surfaces command takes a set of selected elements and repeats them with the translations set in the Sweep Surface dialog. Each of these repeated elements is then connected with splines and surfaces.
(I) # of Segments
Determines the number of times the selected elements will be copied and translated.
(II) Translate: X,Y,Z - lets you set the distance each consecutive copy is to be moved from the previous one.
(III) Resize: X,Y,Z - lets you set the amount an object is to have its dimensions changed in each axis.
(IV) Rotate
Lets you determine the change in angle from copy to copy.
(A) Center of Rotation PopUp - lets you pick the point around which you would like the rotation to happen around.
(B) Rotation: Top, Front, Side - controls the angle in each dimension.
(V) Auto-Surface
Determines whether the sweep will be surfaced. If not then only splines will be produced and you will have to surface the object later.
``Transform…
The Transform dialog allows you to make multiple specific adjustments to the placement and size of selected elements.
◊ When the program does the Transform it does the operation in a specific order which can affect how the selection will be changed. The order is Resize, Rotate, and then Translate.
(I) Translate: X,Y,Z
Moves the selection the desired distance.
(II) Resize
Sets the dimensions of the selection to either match the size in the TextEdits, or a multiple of the values in the TextEdits.
(A) X,Y,Z - where you can set amount of change.
(B) Ratio - multiplies the size of the selection by the contents of the TextEdits.
(C) Actual Size - adds or subtracts what is needed to make the selection fit the values in the TextEdits.
(III) Transform Relative to:
This value determines where the center of Rotations and Resizes are to be calculated from.
(A) Center of:
(1) Selected Elements - finds the bounding box for the selected elements and computes the center of the mass.
(2) Drawing Universe - uses the 0,0,0 of the drawing universe.
(3) First Element's Rotation Point - uses the first selected elements rotation point, from the last selection cycle before coming into this dialog.
(4) Point in Universe (Marker) - takes the position of the Marker when dialog is brought up..
(5) X,Y,Z - reflects the status of the above choices or lets you arbitrarily set a point.
(IV) Rotate: Top, Front, Side
Spins the selection the amount set in the TextEdits around the center point set in the Transform Relative section.
(V) Flip
Lets you make the object a mirror image of itself by flipping it on the specified axis.
(A) Absolute - flips the object around the specified axis.
(1) X,Y,Z - determines which axis the object is to be flipped around.
(B) Active Window - uses the drawing window with the active title bar to determine the flip.
(1) Flip Horizontal, Flip Vertical - in the active window a horizontal flip will reflect the object across the Transform Relative to: coordinate.
(VI) Reset
Sets all of the values such that they have no affect on the selected object each time the dialog comes up; else if off, then values stay as the last you left them. If it is off, turning it on resets the values; if on, turning it on and off will reset the values.
``Align…
The Align command allows you to take a selection of objects and set a common edge to the same plane, or put the same distance between each element.
(I) X,Y,Z
Determines the choice of axis which the selection is going to be aligned or distributed to.
(A) Align - uses the selected items maximum dimension of the group and aligns to direction picked.
(B) Distribute - takes the selected items and spreads them out evenly between the two items which are farthest apart.
(C) Directional RadioButtons - determines which direction the objects are to be aligned to.
(II) Options
(A) Drawing Elements
(B) Group Structures
``Smooth Spline
Makes the splines between the selected vertices curved.
``Straight Spline
Makes the splines between the selected vertices linear.
``Smooth Vertices
Makes the selected vertices such that the splines passing through them is curved.
``Hinged Vertices
Makes the selected vertices such that the splines passing through them can be at any angle to each other.
``Auto-Surface
Builds surfaces across any selected splines and puts them into the currently selected Work Group.
`Library Menu
The Library allows you to use Objects and Groups from other files and keep track of whether those items have been changed or deleted in those files.
``Open…
Opens a new library for access
`Element Tools
These tools allow you to edit drawing elements. The three element tools are:
◊ Element Selector Tool
◊ Element Rotation Tool
◊ Scissors Tool
``Element Selector Tool
This pointer allows you to select drawing elements so that they can be moved or Reshaped. This tool is activated by Palette, the "S" key, or temporarily by the Command key while it is held down.
``Element Rotation Tool
This pointer allows you to rotate selected drawing elements in 3D space. This tool is activated by Palette, and the "R" key.
The Element Rotation Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Method
Incremental - constrains the rotation of the selection to multiples of the angles set in the X,Y,Z TextEdits.
Absolute - spins the selection to the angles set in the X, Y, Z TextEdits only.
Rotation Point
Free - this method is for rotating individual selections around arbitrary rotation points.
Set - this method is for rotating several different selections around the same point. This menu allows you to choose from some common points for rotating selections: Marker, Center of Universe, Center of Selection, 1st Elem. Rot. Pt., Elsewhere.
Tip: The further away from the rotation point you move the cursor the more exact the rotation possible.
``Scissors Tool
The Scissors Tool allows splines to be cut either at intersections or elsewhere along a spline. It can be activated by Palette, and the "K" Key.
The Scissors Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Cut At Cursor - allows cut anywhere on a spline.
Cut At Intersection - allows cut at an intersection of a group of splines. Pressing the Option Key down will select this cut method.
`Group Tools
The Group Tools are used for selecting groups for editing and rotation. The Group Tools Icon has two tools grouped as pop-ups: the Group Selector Tool and the Group Rotation Tool. The default tool is the Group Selector Tool. Clicking on this selects it and holding on it brings up the pop-up choices. To select the Group Rotation Tool, hold the mouse button down, move the cursor over to the second icon and release the mouse button. The two Group Tools are:
◊ Group Selector Tool
◊ Group Rotation Tool
``Group Selector Tool
The Group Pointer allows you to select objects and groups in their hierarchy as defined by the group palette. This tool is activated by Palette, the "G" key, or temporarily by the Command and Option keys while they are held down.
``Group Rotation Tool
This tool allows you to select and spin group structures in 3D space. This tool is activated by Palette, and the "D" key.
The Group Rotation Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Method
Incremental - constrains the rotation of the selection to multiples of the angles set in the X,Y,Z TextEdits.
Absolute - spins the selection to the angles set in the X, Y, Z TextEdits only.
Rotation Point
Free - this method is for rotating individual selections around arbitrary rotation points.
Set - this method is for rotating several different selections around the same point. This menu allows you to choose from some common points for rotating selections: Marker, Center of Universe, Center of Selection, 1st Elem. Rot. Pt., Elsewhere.
Tip: The further away from the rotation point you move the cursor the more exact the rotation possible.
`View Tools
The two View Tools provided on the Tool Palette, the Hand and Magnifying Glass, offer alternate methods for scrolling, zooming, and scaling the view windows. The view tools are:
◊ Hand
◊ Magnifying Glass
``Hand Tool
This tool allows you, along with the scroll bars, to shift an image horizontal and vertically in the drawing window. It does not change the coordinates, just moves the image so that you can see different parts of it. The Hand tool can be selected by Palette, the "H" Key, or temporarily by holding down the Space Bar.
``Magnifying Tool
This tool, along with the Zoom boxes, and Scale PopUp menu, allows you to change the amount of the drawing you can see by changing its relative size in the drawing windows. This tool is activated by Palette, the "M" key, or temporarily by the Option Key while it is held down. Holding the option key down sets the Magnifying Glass to Zoom Out.
The Magnifying Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Zoom In -Sets the percentage of the view you will see if you just click in the drawing area.
Zoom Out - Sets the percentage that the view you will see if you click in the drawing area while holding down the Shift Key.
`Drawing Tools
The Draw Tools are grouped under four icons in the Tool Palette; the Line Tools, Polygon Tools, Circular Tools, and Spline Tool. These tools are used for creating contours, profiles and paths.
In the Novice Mode, all of the Draw Tools function as normal Macintosh drawing tools. Each 2D tool can be selected by clicking on the icon representing the desired drawing element.
In the Expert Mode, the Tool Info Bar provides you with the ability to set length, angle and other constraints. This enables you to have more precise and automatic control over the tools.
The drawing tools are:
Line Tools (Line, Polyline, Parallel Line, Poly Parallel Line)
Rectangle
Cube
Regular Polygon
Ellipse
Arc
Spline
``Line Tools
This collection of Draw Tools is used to construct lines of four different types. The Line and Parallel Line Tools are used for creating single lines and parallel lines. (The Power Keys are: "L" for Line and "W" for Parallel Line.) The Polyline and Parallel Polyline are used for creating a series of connected lines and parallel lines. (The Power Keys are: "P" for Polyline and "V" for Parallel Polyline.)
The Line Tools have several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Length Options - lets you set the length of the line. Once the first point is set the line will spin at a radius of the length around that point.
Angle Options
None - line functions normally.
Fixed - when the RadioButton is selected this option allows lines to be drawn at the angle specified in the TextEdit.
Constraint - when this RadioButton is selected a line can be snapped to a multiple of the number in the TextEdit.
Automatically Close - when this CheckBox is selected double-clicking will close the polygon when drawing with the poly line tools.
# of Lines - sets the number of parallel lines to be placed.
Gap - sets the amount of space between each line.
Positioning Icons - These icons allow you to determine where the parallel lines will be set in relation to the cursor.
Right - makes the lines appear to the right of the cursor.
Center - spaces the lines equally to both sides of the cursor.
Left - makes the lines appear to the left of the cursor.
``Polygon Tools
This collection of Draw Tools is used to create closed objects with variable number of sides. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the polygon tool to drawing a polygon whose dimensions on its horizontal and vertical axis are the same. The Option Key temporarily locks the polygon to the current size and uses the center of the polygon as a rotation point to spin the polygon. The Polygon Tools are:
Rectangle
Cube
Ngon
The Cube Tool is used to create a cube or parallel piped. It is not a 3D primitive and cannot be rendered until it is surfaced.
The Polygon Tools have several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Corner-to-Corner - the item is constructed by dragging from one corner to an opposite corner.
Center-to-Corner - the item is sized by the distance from the first center point to a corner.
Horizontal, Vertical - contains the current size of the object.
Depth - controls the third dimension of the cube. The Rectangle Tool allows you to place a rectangle in one of the drawing windows.
# of sides - sets the number of sides , from 3 to 100, of the Ngon in creation.
Angle - displays and allows for the modification of the angle from which the Ngon starts to draw.
To create a polygon in the Novice Mode:
◊ Select the tool by choosing the icon or entering the "Power Key". The Power Keys are "T" for Rectangle, "O" for Ngon, and "C" for Cube.
◊ Click and drag from one corner of the object to another.
``Circular Tools
The Circular Tools (Ellipse and Arc) is used for creating whole or partial ellipses. The Ellipse Tool is used for creating an ellipse by two points diagonally set across a rectangle. The Arc Tool is used for creating circular and elliptical arcs. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Ellipse Tool to drawing a circle and the Arc Tool to circular arcs.
The Circular Tools have several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Corner-to-Corner - item is constructed by dragging from one corner to an opposite corner.
Center-to-Perimeter - item is constructed by starting from the center of the object to a corner or edge.
Horizontal, Vertical - displays the values and lets you lock the dimensions of the element currently being drawn.
Start & End Angle TextEdits - displays and allows for the modification of the current arc on a rotation.
To use a circular tool:
Select the tool by selecting the icon or entering the Power Key ("E" for Ellipse or "A" for Arc).
Click and drag the ellipse or arc from one corner to another.
``Spline Tool
The Freeform Spline Tool is used to set straight or smooth spline segments linked end to end, or linked to the end or intersection of other splines. The Spline Tool can be activated by Palette and the "B" Key.
The Spline Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Spline Tension - determines whether a spline between any two consecutive points will be smooth or straight.
Smooth - curves the next spline segment that is placed.
Straight - makes the next spline segment that is placed straight.
Vertex Options - determines whether a point between any two consecutive splines will be smooth or straight.
Smooth - is a point where the control handles on either side of the curve form a straight line and work together forcing the spline on either side of a selected point to pass through it along a curve.
Hinged - is a point where the control handles on either side of a point act independently, which lets the spline on either side of the selected point pass through at any angle to each other.
Auto-Close - allows the Spline to become a closed contour by drawing a spline from the last point to the first point.
To draw a spline:
Select the Spline Tool by clicking on the icon or entering the "Power Key". (The Power Key is "B".)
Click at the first and next point, and continue selecting points for the Spline Tool.
Double-click on the mouse when you are done with a spline.
``Flat Surface Tool
A flat surface is a special type of surface which is built out of a point grid instead of three-dimensional curve equations. Because of this it takes up less space in memory and on disk. These surfaces can, however, be fully three-dimensional and smooth shaded when rendered. They are useful for building landscapes and objects which are not complicated. The Flat Surface Tool is activated by Palette and the "F" Key.
The Flat Surface Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Primary & Secondary Size - Displays and allows modification and locking of the size of the given orientation.
Horizontal & Vertical Vertices TextEdits - Displays and allows for the modification of the number of vertices placeable on the given orientation.
End Primary Edge button - Stops the placement of vertices which describes a surface's primary dimension and shape, and begins the input of the secondary vertices.
End Secondary Edge button - Stops the placement of vertices which describes a surface's secondary dimension and shape.
To use the Flat Surface Tool:
◊ Select the Flat Surface Tool.
◊ Draw your primary edge. When the mouse is clicked, a small 'x' will appear. A series of these points will define your shape.
◊ Click on the End Primary Edge check box in the Tool Info Bar.
◊ Click the mouse and define the path the primary edge is to follow.
◊ Click on the End Secondary Edge check box in the Tool Info Bar, and the program will begin to surface and spline.
``2D Primitive Tools
Modeler provides a set of two-dimensional primitives to speed the construction of scenes. The 2D primitives are both similar in their application. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Plane Tool to drawing a perfect square and the Disk Tool to drawing a perfect circle.
The 2D Primitive Tools have several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Corner To Corner - the object is constructed by dragging from one corner to the opposite corner.
Center To Edge - the object is constructed by dragging from the center of the object to a corner.
Horizontal and Vertical TextEdit boxes - displays the dimensions of the object and allows modification of the dimensions during and before placement.
Horizontal and Vertical check boxes - used for locking the dimensions set in the TextEdit boxes.
To use the 2D Primitive Tools:
◊ Select the tool to be used from the 2D Tool Icon.
◊ Double-click on the value in the Horizontal TextEdit box and type the value. (Try typing "2".)
◊ Click on the Horizontal check box to turn it on.
◊ Click, hold, and drag to draw the object in the Front View.
``3D Primitive Tools
The 3D tools consist of common three-dimensional objects that can be used to speed up the construction of your images. All of these 3D primitives contain three-dimensional surfaces which can be manipulated to form an infinite variety of objects. The 3D Primitive Tools are:
Cube
Prism
Pyramid
Cone
Cylinder
Sphere
Torus
The 3D Primitive Tools have several options in common which are located on the Tool Info Bar.
Corner-to-Corner - the object is constructed by defining the opposite corner points of the object's extent box.
Center-to-Edge - the object is constructed by defining the center point and farthest edge of the object's extent box.
Horizontal, Vertical, and Depth (Length) check boxes - used to lock the dimensions set in the TextEdit boxes.
Horizontal, Vertical, and Depth (Length) TextEdit boxes - used to modify any of the three dimensions. This provides you with a fixed object you can place anywhere.
```Cube
The Cube Tool creates a surfaced three-dimensional rectilinear object, which can be activated by Palette. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Cube Tool to drawing a cube with height, width, and depth equal in length.
```Prism
The Prism Tool creates a wedge shaped three-dimensional surfaced object. In Novice (Default) Mode, the first point picked is the top center point of the triangle side of the wedge, and the next point is the lower adjacent corner of the prism. It can be activated by Palette. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Prism Tool to drawing an equilateral triangle within a square extent box. The Option Key temporarily locks the prism to the current size and uses the center as a rotation point.
The Prism Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
First End Capped check box - determines whether the first end of the prism will be surfaced, instead of being open so that the inside of the prism can be seen.
Last End Capped check box - determines whether the last end of the prism will be surfaced, instead of being open so that the inside of the prism can be seen.
Sides - determines the number of sides the prism will have.
```Pyramid
The Pyramid Tool creates a triangular shaped three-dimensional surfaced object. In Novice (Default) Mode, the first point picked is the top center point of the triangle, and the next point clicked is the lower outer perimeter of the pyramid. It is activated by Palette. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Pyramid Tool to drawing a pyramid with a square extent box containing the base.
The Pyramid Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Capped check box - determines whether the base of the pyramid will be surfaced, instead of being open so that the inside of the pyramid can be seen.
Sides - determines the number of sides the pyramid will have. The default is three sides.
```Cone
The Cone Tool creates a three-dimensional surfaced object with an elliptical base. In Novice (Default) Mode, the first point picked is the top center point of the base, and the next point clicked is the lower outer perimeter of the cone. It can be activated by Palette. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Cone Tool to drawing a cone with a circular base.
The Cone Tool has a special option located on the Tool Info Bar.
Capped check box - determines whether the circular end of the cone will be surfaced, instead of being open, so that the inside of the cone can be seen.
```Cylinder
The Cylinder Tool creates a tube-shaped three-dimensional surfaced object. In Novice (Default) Mode, the first point picked is the top center point of the tube, and the next point clicked sets the depth and outer perimeter of the cylinder. This tool is activated by Palette. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Cylinder Tool to drawing a circular cylinder.
The Cylinder Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
First End Capped check box - determines whether the first circular end of the cylinder will be surfaced, instead of being open so that the inside of the cylinder can be seen.
Second (Last) End Capped check box - determines whether the second circular end of the cylinder will be surfaced, instead of being open so that the inside of the cylinder can be seen.
```Sphere
The Sphere Tool allows you to create a spherical or ellipsoid shaped surface. In Novice (Default) Mode, the Sphere is created by clicking where the first corner point should be, and then dragging out to the opposite corner point. It is activated by Palette. The Shift Key temporarily constrains the Sphere Tool to drawing a sphere.
```Torus
The Torus Tool allows a donut shaped surface to be placed in the drawing universe. It is activated by Palette. Holding the Shift Key temporarily constrains the Torus Tool to drawing a torus with a circular radius.
The Torus Tool has several options located on the Tool Info Bar.
Main Vertical & Horizontal Radii - displays the distance between the center point and the outer perimeter, and allows for the modification of current and future points.
Minor Horizontal and Vertical Radii - displays the distance between the center point and the inner perimeter, and allows for the modification of current and future points.
Positioning Icons - these icons are used to determine where the inner and outer radii will be set in relation to the cursor.
Inside - makes the cursor draw on the inside of the ring.
Center - cursor draws from center of radii.
Outside - makes the cursor draw from the outside of the ring.
To use the Torus Tool:
◊ Select the Torus Tool from the 3D Tool PopUp on the Tool Palette.
◊ Set the values for the major and minor vertical and horizontal.
